青木 睦

本稿では、国文学研究資料館が関わった大津波被害の歴史文化情報資源のレスキューの事例を中心に報告する。加えて、文化庁「東北地方太平洋沖地震被災文化財等救援事業（文化財レスキュー事業)」や全国的規模での大学・研究機関、博物館・図書館・アーカイブズ、文化財関係行政機関等が連携してどのように歴史・文化等の情報資源を救助・復旧活動を行ってきたか、また、研究教育文化行政、公文書管理行政の課題や全国規模で人間文化研究に関わる歴史・文化等の情報資源をどのように蓄積・保存すべきかについて検討する。本稿においては、これまでの活動について、釜石市を中心とした被災自治体の被災状況とレスキュー事例、東日本大震災における文化財等のレスキュー概要、民間所在アーカイブズの被災と救助の概況について報告する。最後に、被災アーカイブズの科学的分析と保存の課題、今後の被災資料の復旧支援とその課題をまとめて提案したい。The Great East Japan Earthquake was a disaster unprecedented in a number of ways: it not only affected extensive areas, causing enormous damages, but also mushroomed into a nuclear crisis at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. It was not like anything Japanese history has ever witnessed. A considerable damage was also affected on historical and cultural heritage in East Japan, passed on from the early times, without interruptions. In this talk, I will focus on efforts I was involved in to recover historical/cultural resources affected by the tsunami. I will also talk about (1) a governmental program (known as 'Cultural Property Rescue Program') led by Japan's Agency of Cultural Affairs (Bunka-cho),to recover cultural treasures, and (2) how various organizations such as universities, museums, libraries, archives, governmental agencies, etc., worked together to retrieve and restore historical/cultural resources. Among other topics I might touch on are what we need to do at a national level, to collect and preserve resources related to humanities research, and problems with public policies on education, culture, and research, and on archive management.

本稿では、アーカイブズの基本的機能を前提としたアーカイブズ建築固有の建築計画の問題や施設のあり方ついて、海外の事例を比較検討し、その結果をもとにアーカイブズ建築・設備の特性について考えてみたい。第1の事例は、アメリカ国立公文書館（カレッジパーク、NATIONAL ARCHIVES AT COLIEGE PARK、通称ArchivesⅡ)、第2として当館・国文学研究資料館の設計・設備および保存環境を報告する。当館の建築設計については、①収蔵資料・アーカイブズの最適な保存環境維持の責務、②利用者と職員の安全と快適性を保証、③地球環境と経済性を考えたランニングコストの軽減、この筆者による3点のポリシーを掲げた事例である。第3例に大韓民国国家記録院Nara、加えてICA/CBQが調査を開始した世界的なアーカイブズの建築設備の報告事例を取り上げる。アーカイブズ建築と設備の特性Iでは、1993年にカレッジパークに設置したArchivesIIについて報告する。この館は、最新鋭技術を投入し、「テクノロジーを活用してアーカイバルレコードを守り」「最良の保管・保存・活用を提供する」機関と自負し、その目的のために、建物および設備がどのように作られているかを『アメリカ国立公文書館技術情報報告書』第13号（1997年）において報告している。保管環境（温度、湿度、空気浄化)、アーカイブズ施設の使用材料と採用不可の材料の質にまでおよぶ詳細な仕様である。また移動棚・書架の仕様、スプリンクラー等の防火設備、電子技術を駆使したセキュリティ・システムにも言及している。この報告書を第1の素材として検討し、その結果を次回の事例と比較検討し、アーカイブズ建築の設備の特性を考察する。In this paper, we would like to compare and examine examples of archives buildings in other countries in order to study issues that are inherent to architectural plans for such building sand the roles of these facilities in view of the basic functions that are required of them. We will discuss the various characteristics of archives buildings and equipment based on the results of these comparisons. In our first example, we discuss the design, equipment, and storage environment at the American National Archives at College Park (more commonly known as Archives II), and in our second example, we discuss the same at our facilities, the National Institute of Japanese Literature. The National Institute of Japanese Literature is an example of a facility whose design up holds the three principles advanced by the author: a) maintenance of optimum storage environments for records and archives, b) guaranteed safety and comfort of users and staff members, and c) reduced operating costs in view of environmental impact and economic efficiency. In our third example, we discuss the National Archives of Korea (Nara). Finally, we cite reports from worldwide studies that ICA/CBQ has commenced regarding archives buildings and equipment.In "Characteristics of Archives Buildings and Equipment, Part I'', we discuss Archives II which was built in College Park in 1993. This facility is equipped with state-of the art technologies, and the organization prides itself in "using technology to safe guard archival record and its ability to "provide the best storage, conservation, and accessibility To communicate this message, the organization has published information in their "National Archives and Records Administration, Technical Information Paper Number 13', (1997) on how its buildings and facilities were built. Archives II was based on stringent specifications that cover everything from storage environment (temperature, humidity, air purification) to materials that may and may not be used in archives buildings, and even the quality of these materials. The report also touches on mobile shelf and shelving specifications, fire protection equipment including sprinklers, and the facility's security system which makes extensive use of electronic technology. This technical report will be the first material to be examined in this paper and the results will then be compared to subsequent examples as part of our discussion regarding the characteristics of equipment used in archives buildings.