河合 亜矢子

本研究は、アクティブラーニングの1つである問題解決型学習（PBL）において、学習者の同質性や多様性が学習者に活発な発言をもたらす影響を実証する。データは、社会人を対象にしたサプライチェーンマネジメントゲームで得られたアンケートデータを用いた。多変量解析を行った結果、学習者が関心を持つ分野の同質性や、職業経験の多様性が高いほど、学習者の活発な発言を促進することを実証した。本研究は、組織学習論に基づいて、PBLにおいて学習者の活発な発言をもたらすチーム構成を提案したことに理論的・実務的貢献がある。

本研究は、サプライチェーン（以下SC）内組織による話し合いを伴う戦略とその見直しが、ブルウィップ効果に与える影響を実証する。ブルウィップ効果は、SCの川上にいくほど発注量が増加する現象である。マルチプラットフォーム対応のオンラインサプライチェーンマネジメントゲームを用いて、社会人によるゲーム結果とアンケートデータを分析した。変量効果モデルによる分析の結果、戦略の有無に関わらず、SC間の話し合いがブルウィップ効果抑制に強い影響があった。一方で、累積在庫費用の抑制には、戦略があったうえでの組織間の話し合いが重要であることを実証した。これにより、SCの最適化に対する組織間学習の重要性を提示した。

The network structures of supply chains (SC) are extremely complicated to understand in their entirety. However, complicated social challenges involving a chain of decision making might be realized through gaming simulations. This study uses a supply chain management (SCM) game to define effective strategies for decision making in a SC. The game rules and system architecture should be simple but should capture the true SCM nature. For this purpose, our developed SCM game applies an unbalanced social networking service system platform. In contrast to previous business games, the game is accessible through mobile devices such as smart phones. The new SCM game was tested at two universities, and most of the students spontaneously grasped the bullwhip effect and the importance of knowledge sharing between SC organizations. Furthermore, their realization of various difficulties in a SC exceeded our expectations. In addition to offering educational benefits, our game could become an important tool in future SC research.

E-marketplaces had brought innovative impact in supply chain in industries. This paper focused on two successful business-to-business (B2B) e-marketplaces in Japan, and has analysed and characterized to show their respective key enablers. We have found that a B2B e-marketplace needs to be a platform for customers so that it becomes a fundamental part of customers 'business processes. Further, we developed a methodology, called soft innovation architecture (soft IA), for formulation of service innovation strategy. This builds a concrete representation of strategy of each e-marketplace. In soft IA, we represent a birds-eye view to analyse the strategy, and then conclude their strategic superiority from the resource-based view. In the future, we will expand soft IA to investigate dynamic capability of the e-marketplace in order to clarify the nature of appropriate change of their strategies.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a fundamental concept of the Service ProductivitySimulator. In Japanese service industries, some high-performance organizations already have practicedthe Service Target Costing (Fig. 3), which is a new Japanese management accounting practicefor design and development of successful services. However, they need CAD for services and a newtechnology for scientific simulation about the future service performances such as productivity andprofitability. In this paper, we try to argue a fundamental concept of the simulator with resource-usageview (Figs. 1 & 2), through building a conceptual model of typical service unit (Fig. 4).

新たに創出したサービスが市場で成功するためには、多くの考慮すべき問題がある。まず、各ビジネスに特有の個別状況、そして、サービスの機能性、活動の一貫性、実行可能性といった実施側面を考慮しなければならない。本研究では、こうしたサービスシステムの包括的な整合性という観点から、サービスのイノベーション・システムを可視化し、分析する方法論としてSSM-IAを提案する。コミュニケーションツールとしてこの方法論を用いることで、自社サービス成立要因を明らかにし、さらに、自社の成功要因・改善点・新たなサービスの創出を議論することができるようになる。

After introducing the innovation architecture for service, this paper shows how business process engineering is used with the architecture. In particular, dynamic properties of a business process will be specified in relation to information systems in the process. The dynamic properties of the process are inventory level, throughput and cycle time that are known as the Little's law. The concept of business transaction systems is used, which is a discrete-event model of a business process with information system. In this sense, business process engineering can be viewed as discipline that mediates service innovation and service-oriented architecture.