櫻井 宏明

This study examined the pull factors of immigrants in Thailand by exploring the relationship between immigration and macroeconomic statistics, including per capita gross domestic product (GDP), the Gini coefficient, the unemployment rate, the poverty rate, and foreign direct investment (FDI) from 2009 to 2021. Since Thailand attracts low-skilled immigrants from surrounding countries such as Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar, as well as highly skilled immigrants from developed nations, the direction of inflow and outflow across the border is more complicated compared with countries that are more clearly categorized as either low-income or high-income. As for estimation outcomes, first, the relationship linking the number of migrants to economic disparities, the poverty ratio, and the unemployment rate declines when economic disparities rise; this is partially because many low-skilled laborers are engaged in the workforce. Second, the relationship between remittances per migrant and economic disparities, per capita GDP, and FDI increases under a diminished Gini coefficient while the poverty ratio and unemployment rise; this is partially because remittances include those sent to developed nations. In general, the pull factors of immigrants in Thailand are stronger among immigrants from developed countries, although these factors are reflected among immigrants from both developed and developing states.JEL classification: F22, O53, J61.Keywords: Immigration, Pull factor, Thailand.

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between foreign aid and total factor productivity (TFP) in Thailand from 1972 to 2013 using the VAR model and Granger causality. While discussing the role of foreign aid in the economy of recipient countries, it is important to examine whether foreign aid contributes to the productivity of the recipient country. Estimation results do not show any evidence of a relationship between foreign aid and the TFP in Thailand, indicating that foreign aid does not necessarily directly affect productivity. This result is also considered to be suitable for previous studies.JEL classification numbers: F35, O53.Keywords: Foreign Aid, Total Factor Productivity, Thailand.

AbstractThis study examines whether foreign aid from 1986 to 2019 caused the Dutch disease effect in Vietnam using a VAR model and Granger causality test. In this context, “Dutch disease” refers to the weakening of manufacturing processes as a consequence of the appreciation of a local currency due to capital inflow. Since foreign aid is considered a type of capital inflow, it is among the reasons for the appreciation of a local currency, which may offset the impact of foreign aid on economic growth. Although Vietnam experienced rapid economic growth, along with a large amount of foreign aid and appreciation in the real exchange rate, after Doi Moi (economic reform) in 1986, few studies have yet been conducted. The estimation results show that foreign aid does not cause an appreciation of the local currency in Vietnam. Based on this result, the Dutch disease did not occur due to foreign aid in Vietnam.JEL classification numbers: F35, O53.Keywords: Foreign Aid, Dutch Disease, Vietnam.