The purpose of this paper is two-fold: a) to examine Dornyei's L2 Self System (2005) which is one the most comprehensive L2 motivation models after Gardner's socio-psychological model (1985) and b) to consider a way to apply the model in...
It has been a difficult task for teachers to compare the abilities of students from different grades or levels using traditional testing theory (TTT) because all students must take a common test that includes items covering the entire range of abi...